Influence of Organic Enrichment and Spisula subtruncata (da Costa, 1778) on Oxygen and Nutrient Fluxes in Fine Sand Sediments

[EN] The role of labile organic material and macrofaunal activity in benthic respiration and nutrient regeneration have been tested in sublittoral fine sand sediments from the Gulf of Valencia (northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Three experimental setups were made using benthic chambers. One experiment was performed in-situ through the annual cycle in a well-sorted fine sand community. The remaining experiments were carried out with mesocosms under laboratory conditions: one with different concentrations of organic enrichment (mussel meat and concentrated diatoms culture), and the other adding two different densities of the endofaunal bivalve Spisula subtruncata. Biochemical variables in surface sediment and changes in oxygen consumption and nutrient fluxes throughout incubation period were studied in each experiment. In the in situ incubations, dissolved oxygen (DO) fluxes showed a strong correlation with sedimentary biopolymeric fraction of organic carbon. Organic enrichment in the laboratory experiments was responsible for increased benthic respiration. However, sediment response (expressed as DO uptake and dissolved inorganic nitrogen—DIN—release) between oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions was more intense than between eutrophic and hypertrophic conditions. S. subtruncata abundances close to 400 and 850 ind m−2 also intensified benthic metabolism. DO uptake and DIN production in mesocosms with added fauna were between 60 and 75 % and 65–100 % higher than in the control treatment respectively. The results of these three experiments suggest that the macrobenthic community may increase the benthic respiration by roughly a factor of two in these bottoms, where S. subtruncata is one of the dominant species. Both organic enrichment and macrobenthic community in general, and S. subtruncata in particular, did not seem to have a relevant role in P and Si cycles in these sediments.This research was supported by the Conselleria d'Educacio (Generalitat Valenciana). We are very grateful for the valuable comments of anonymous reviewers on previous version of the manuscript.Sospedra, J.; Falco, S.; Morata, T.; Rodilla, M. (2016). Influence of Organic Enrichment and Spisula subtruncata (da Costa, 1778) on Oxygen and Nutrient Fluxes in Fine Sand Sediments. Estuaries and Coasts. doi:10.1007/s12237-016-0174-1SAller, R.C., and J.Y. Aller. 1998. The effect of biogenic irrigation intensity and solute exchange on diagenetic reaction rates in marine sediments. Journal of Marine Research 56: 905–936.Aminot, A., and M. Chaussepied. 1983. Manuel des analyses chimiques en milieu marin. Brest: Centre National pour l’Exploitation des Oceans.Arnosti, C., and M. Holmer. 2003. 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A realistic evaluation of indoor positioning systems based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting: The 2015 EvAAL–ETRI competition

Pre-print versionThis paper presents results from comparing different Wi-Fi fingerprinting algorithms on the same private dataset. The algorithms where realized by independent teams in the frame of the off-site track of the EvAAL-ETRI Indoor Localization Competition which was part of the Sixth International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN 2015). Competitors designed and validated their algorithms against the publicly available UJIIndoorLoc database which contains a huge reference- and validation data set. All competing systems were evaluated using the mean error in positioning, with penalties, using a private test dataset. The authors believe that this is the first work in which Wi-Fi fingerprinting algorithm results delivered by several independent and competing teams are fairly compared under the same evaluation conditions. The analysis also comprises a combined approach: Results indicate that the competing systems where complementary, since an ensemble that combines three competing methods reported the overall best results.We would like to thank Francesco Potortì, Paolo Barsocchi, Michele Girolami and Kyle O’Keefe for their valuable help in organizing and spread the EVAALETRI competition and the off-site track. We would also like to thank the TPC members Machaj Juraj, Christos Laoudias, Antoni Pérez-Navarro and Robert Piché for their valuable comments, suggestions and reviews. Parts of this work were funded in the frame of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the “Metodologiías avanzadas para el diseño, desarrollo, evaluación e integración de algoritmos de localización en interiores” project (Proyectos I+D Excelencia, código TIN2015-70202-P) and the “Red de Posicionamiento y Navegación en Interiores” network (Redes de Excelencia, código TEC2015-71426- REDT). Parts of this work were funded in the frame of the German federal Ministry of Education and Research programme "FHprofUnt2013" under contract 03FH035PB3 (Project SPIRIT).info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Riesgo de padecer trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y rendimiento académico en adolescentes: proyecto DADOS

Introduction: eating disorders (ED) are complex multifactorial chronic diseases with adverse consequences on cognition in adolescence. Objectives: the main aim of the present study was to analyze the association between the risk of ED and academic performance in adolescents, considering the key role of weight status. Methods: a total of 261 adolescents (13.9 ± 0.3 years) from the DADOS (Deporte, Adolescencia y Salud) Study were included in the analysis. The risk of ED was assessed using the Sick Control on Fast Food (SCOFF) questionnaire. Weight status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2 ). Academic performance was assessed through final grades and through the Spanish version of the SRA Test of Educational Ability (TEA). Results: the risk of ED was negatively associated with academic grades, and with verbal and numeric abilities measured through TEA. Adolescents with non-eating disorder risk showed higher scores in academic grades (but not in the TEA components). Overweight and obese adolescents reported higher risk of ED. Conclusions: the risk of ED is negatively associated with academic performance, being higher in overweight and obese adolescents. Interventional programs aimed to improve academic performance should take into account weight status and the risk of ED.Introducción: los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son alteraciones psicológicas severas con graves consecuencias sobre la función cognitiva durante la adolescencia. Objetivos: el principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre el riesgo de padecer TCA y el rendimiento académico en adolescentes, considerando el papel clave de la composición corporal. Métodos: la muestra estuvo formada por un total de 261 adolescentes (13,9 ± 0,3 años), participantes del proyecto DADOS (Deporte, Adolescencia y Salud). La versión española del cuestionario Sick Control on Fast Food (SCOFF) se utilizó para determinar el riesgo de padecer TCA. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2 ). El rendimiento académico fue evaluado mediante las notas finales y mediante la versión española del cuestionario SRA Test of Educational Ability (TEA). Resultados: el riesgo de padecer TCA estuvo inversamente asociado con las notas y con las habilidades verbales y numéricas medidas mediante el TEA. Los adolescentes que no presentaban riesgo de padecer TCA mostraron calificaciones más altas en las notas (pero no en los componentes del cuestionario TEA). Los adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad reportaron un mayor riesgo de padecer TCA. Conclusiones: el riesgo de padecer TCA está asociado de forma inversa con el rendimiento académico y es más elevado en adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Las intervenciones cuyo objetivo sea mejorar el rendimiento académico deberían tener en cuenta la composición corporal y el riesgo de padecer TCA

Using Satellite-Derived Fire Arrival Times for Coupled Wildfire-Air Quality Simulations at Regional Scales of the 2020 California Wildfire Season

Wildfire frequency has increased in the Western US over recent decades, driven by climate change and a legacy of forest management practices. Consequently, human structures, health, and life are increasingly at risk due to wildfires. Furthermore, wildfire smoke presents a growing hazard for regional and national air quality. In response, many scientific tools have been developed to study and forecast wildfire behavior, or test interventions that may mitigate risk. In this study, we present a retrospective analysis of 1 month of the 2020 Northern California wildfire season, when many wildfires with varying environments and behavior impacted regional air quality. We simulated this period using a coupled numerical weather prediction model with online atmospheric chemistry, and compare two approaches to representing smoke emissions: an online fire spread model driven by remotely sensed fire arrival times and a biomass burning emissions inventory. First, we quantify the differences in smoke emissions and timing of fire activity, and characterize the subsequent impact on estimates of smoke emissions. Next, we compare the simulated smoke to surface observations and remotely sensed smoke; we find that despite differences in the simulated smoke surface concentrations, the two models achieve similar levels of accuracy. We present a detailed comparison between the performance and relative strengths of both approaches, and discuss potential refinements that could further improve future simulations of wildfire smoke. Finally, we characterize the interactions between smoke and meteorology during this event, and discuss the implications that increases in regional smoke may have on future meteorological conditions

Variabilidad estacional de la comunidad de fitoplancton de las aguas superficiales de la zona costera de Gandía en el sur del Golfo de Valencia

[EN] Seasonal variability in the phytoplankton community of the coastal area of Gandia in the south of the Gulf of Valencia (Western Mediterranean Sea) was examined in relation to physical and chemical surface water variables (i.e. salinity, nutrients, dissolved oxygen and temperature). This small area presents most of the point and non-point nutrients inputs that affect coastal areas as wastewater discharges through submarine outfall, river discharges and groundwater discharges from a detritic aquifer. Furthermore, surface channels that drain the Safor wetland, which is used mainly for agricultural crops, outflow into the confined harbour. The main objective of the study was to observe the variations in phytoplankton groups as a response to environmental variables during different seasons and understand which species could be used as indicators of anthropogenic pressure. For this purpose, the taxonomic composition of the micro-phytoplankton communities at 32 fixed stations was determined in four sampling campaigns from summer 2010 to spring 2011. The results indicate that nutrient inputs mainly from the Serpis river and channels that drain the Safor Wetland determine the composition and abundance of the phytoplankton community, and that several key environmental factors such as water temperature, radiation, nutrients, and the molar ratios of nutrients influence seasonal phytoplankton assemblages. However, the discharge of effluent from a sewage treatment plant through the submarine outfall did not appear to have a significant impact on the phytoplankton community. The phytoplankton community comprised two main groups: diatoms and dinoflagellates and a total of 108 taxa were identified. The diatom population primarily flourished in autumn and winter whereas in spring, dinoflagellate bloom occurred with high radiation, very low DIP and high DIN:DIP and low DSi:DIN molar ratios. In this paper we discuss the possible rationale for these nutrient changes. Furthermore, potentially blooming species were detected in the Gandia harbour and in the mouth of the Serpis river at Venecia Beach.[ES] La variabilidad estacional de la comunidad de fitoplancton de las aguas superficiales de la zona costera de Gandía en el sur del Golfo de Valencia (Mediterráneo occidental) fue examinada, teniendo en cuenta su relación con diferentes variables físicas y químicas (p.e. salinidad, nutrientes, oxígeno disuelto, temperatura, etc.). En esta pequeña área se dan la mayoría de las entradas de nutrientes, tanto puntuales como difusas, que afectan las áreas costeras: descargas de aguas residuales mediante emisarios submarinos, aportes fluviales y descargas de aguas subterráneas procedentes de acuíferos costeros. Además, los canales superficiales que drenan el humedal de La Safor, cuyo uso fundamental es la agricultura, vierten en las aguas confinadas del puerto. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue observar las variaciones de los grupos de fitoplancton como respuesta a las variaciones ambientales en diferentes estaciones del año, y determinar que especies pueden ser utilizadas como indicadores de presión antrópica. Para ello, se determinó la composición taxonómica de la comunidad de micro-fitoplancton en 32 puntos de muestreo fijos en cuatro campañas de muestreo, desde verano de 2010 hasta primavera de 2011. Los resultados muestran que la entrada de nutrientes, principalmente a través del Río Serpis y los canales que drenan el humedal, determinan la composición y abundancia de la comunidad de fitoplancton. Además diversos factores ambientales clave como temperatura del agua, radiación, nutrientes, así como las relaciones entre nutrientes influyen en las diferentes asociaciones de fitoplancton observadas en cada estación. Por otro lado, la descarga del efluente procedente de la depuradora de aguas residuales no tuvo un impacto significativo sobre la comunidad de fitoplancton. La comunidad de fitoplancton estuvo formada principalmente por dos grupos: diatomeas y dinoflagelados. Se identificaron un total de 108 taxones. Las diatomeas proliferaron principalmente en otoño e invierno. Los dinoflagelados proliferaron en primavera, bajo condiciones de elevada radiación, baja concentración de DIP, razones DIN:DIP elevadas y razones DSi:DIN bajas. En este documento se discute la justificación de los cambios en la concentración de nutrientes. Además, se detectaron especies potencialmente nocivas en el Puerto de Gandía y en la desembocadura del río Serpis, en la playa de Venecia.Financial support for this research was provided by Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Government of Spain, through the Training Program for University Teachers (FPU). We would like to express our deepest thanks to Margarita Fernández and Vanessa Castan of IRTA (Research Institute of Technology, food and Agriculture).Gadea, I.; Rodilla, M.; Sospedra, J.; Falco, S.; Morata, T. (2013). Seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton community in the Gandia coastal area, southern Gulf of Valencia. Thalassas. Revista de Ciencias del Mar. 29(1):35-58. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/46133S355829